Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2009-12-23
Journal of Low Temperature Physics 159 (2010) 431 (10 pages)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
11 pages, 4 figures
Scientific paper
10.1007/s10909-010-0163-x
We model the low-temperature specific heat of solid $^4$He in the hexagonal closed packed structure by invoking two-level tunneling states in addition to the usual phonon contribution of a Debye crystal for temperatures far below the Debye temperature, $T < \Theta_D/50$. By introducing a cutoff energy in the two-level tunneling density of states, we can describe the excess specific heat observed in solid hcp $^4$He, as well as the low-temperature linear term in the specific heat. Agreement is found with recent measurements of the temperature behavior of both specific heat and pressure. These results suggest the presence of a very small fraction, at the parts-per-million (ppm) level, of two-level tunneling systems in solid $^4$He, irrespective of the existence of supersolidity.
Balatsky Alexander V.
Graf Matthias. J.
Su Jung-Jung
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