Physics – Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2002-03-25
Physics
Condensed Matter
25 pages, 7 figs, KEYWORDS=surface diffusion, surface energy, morphology evolution, semiconductor material, stability and bifu
Scientific paper
10.1016/S0022-5096(02)00015-7
As a departure from existing continuum approaches for describing the stability and evolution of surfaces of crystalline materials, this article provides a description of surface evolution based on the physics of the main feature imposed by the discrete nature of the material, namely, crystallographic surface steps. It is shown that the formation energy of surface steps depends on the sign of extensional strain of the crystal surface, and this behavior plays a crucial role in surface evolution. The nature of this dependence implies that there is no energetic barrier to nucleation of islands on the growth surface during deposition, and that island faces tend toward natural orientations which have no counterpart in unstrained materials. This behavior is expressed in terms of a small number of parameters that can be estimated through atomistic analysis of stepped surfaces. The continuum framework developed is then applied to study the time evolution of surface shape of an epitaxial film being deposited onto a substrate. The kinetic equation for mass transport is enforced in a weak form by means of a variational formulation [...].
Freund L. B.
Shenoy Vijay B.
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