3-dimensional structure of a sheet crumpled into a ball

Details 3-dimensional structure of a sheet crumpled into a ball 3-dimensional structure of a sheet crumpled into a ball

2012-03-26

arxiv.org/abs/1203.5826v1

Cambou AD and Menon N (2011) Three-dimensional structure of a sheet crumpled into a ball PNAS 10:1073

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

Accepted by the PNAS Editorial Board July 16, 2011 (received for review December 20, 2010)

Scientific paper

10.1073/pnas.1019192108

When a thin sheet is crushed into a small three-dimensional volume, it invariably forms a structure with a low volume fraction but high resistance to further compression. Being a far-from-equilibrium process, forced crumpling is not necessarily amenable to a statistical description in which the parameters of the initially flat sheet and the final confinement fully specify the resulting crumpled state. Instead, the internal geometry and mechanical properties of the crumpled ball may reflect the history of its preparation. Our X-ray microtomography experiments reveal that the internal 3-dimensional geometry of a crumpled ball is in many respects isotropic and homogeneous. In these respects, crumpling recapitulates other classic nonequilibrium problems such as turbulence, where a system driven by long-wavelength, low-symmetry, forcing shows only rather subtle fingerprints of the forcing mechanism. However, we find local nematic ordering of the sheet into parallel stacks. The layering proceeds radially inwards from the outer surface. The extent of this layering increases with the volume fraction, or degree of compression.

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