The K stars - Orange giants and dwarfs

Physics

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Dwarf Stars, K Stars, Main Sequence Stars, Stellar Color, Stellar Luminosity, Supergiant Stars, Chromosphere, Line Spectra, M Stars, Northern Sky, Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Temperature, Subgiant Stars

Scientific paper

The three brightest stars in the northern half of the sky include the orange Arcturus, a K1 giant. It is pointed out that the K giants are intrinsically smaller and less luminous than their cooler M counterparts, while the main-sequence K dwarf stars are brighter and larger than similar M objects. According to the spectral features of K stars, their atmospheres are significantly warmer than those of class M. Aspects of classification are discussed, taking into account the effects of the higher temperatures found, the determination of the luminosities of K stars, and the necessity to consider all useful criteria for an accurate classification. Attention is also given to K lines and chromospheres, supergiant K stars, subgiant stars, K dwarfs, and subdwarfs.

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