Crystal structures and freezing of dipolar fluids

Details Crystal structures and freezing of dipolar fluids Crystal structures and freezing of dipolar fluids

2000-10-21

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0010331v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

submitted to Phys. Rev. E

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevE.63.021203

We investigate the crystal structure of classical systems of spherical particles with an embedded point dipole at T=0. The ferroelectric ground state energy is calculated using generalizations of the Ewald summation technique. Due to the reduced symmetry compared to the nonpolar case the crystals are never strictly cubic. For the Stockmayer (i.e., Lennard-Jones plus dipolar) interaction three phases are found upon increasing the dipole moment: hexagonal, body-centered orthorhombic, and body-centered tetragonal. An even richer phase diagram arises for dipolar soft spheres with a purely repulsive inverse power law potential $\sim r^{-n}$. A crossover between qualitatively different sequences of phases occurs near the exponent $n=12$. The results are applicable to electro- and magnetorheological fluids. In addition to the exact ground state analysis we study freezing of the Stockmayer fluid by density-functional theory.

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