Local temperature and chemical potential inside a mesoscopic device driven out of equilibrium

Details Local temperature and chemical potential inside a mesoscopic device driven out of equilibrium Local temperature and chemical potential inside a mesoscopic device driven out of equilibrium

2011-05-03

arxiv.org/abs/1105.0568v2

Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (2011) P09029

Physics

Condensed Matter

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics

11 pages, 9 figures

Scientific paper

In this paper we introduce a method of calculating the local temperature and chemical potential inside a mesoscopic device out of equilibrium. We show how to check the conditions of local thermal equilibrium as the whole system is out of equilibrium. Especially we study the onsite chemical potentials inside a chain coupled to two reservoirs at a finite voltage bias. In the presence of disorder we observe a large fluctuation in onsite chemical potentials, which can be suppressed by the electron-electron interaction. By taking average with respect to the configurations of disorder, we recover the classical picture where the voltage drops monotonously through the resistance wire. We prove the existence of local intensive variables in a mesoscopic device which is in equilibrium or not far from equilibrium.

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