Physics – Condensed Matter – Strongly Correlated Electrons
Scientific paper
2009-10-21
Annual Reviews of Condensed Matter Physics \textbf{1}, 153 (2010)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Strongly Correlated Electrons
30 pages, 7 figures (some in color); to appear in Annual Reviews of Condensed Matter Physics. Edited version.
Scientific paper
10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-07090
Correlated electron fluids can exhibit a startling array of complex phases, among which one of the more surprising is the electron nematic, a translationally invariant metallic phase with a spontaneously generated spatial anisotropy. Classical nematics generally occur in liquids of rod-like molecules; given that electrons are point-like, the initial theoretical motivation for contemplating electron nematics came from thinking of the electron fluid as a quantum melted electron crystal, rather than a strongly interacting descendent of a Fermi gas. That such phases exist in nature was established by dramatic transport experiments in ultra-clean quantum Hall systems in 1999 and in Sr3Ru2O7 in a strong magnetic field in 2007. In this paper, we briefly review the theoretical considerations governing nematic order, summarize the quantum Hall and Sr3Ru2O7 experiments that unambiguously establish the existence of this phase, and survey some of the current evidence for such a phase in the cuprate and Fe-based high temperature superconductors.
Eisenstein James P.
Fradkin Eduardo
Kivelson Steven A.
Lawler Michael J.
Mackenzie Andrew Peter
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