Physics – Condensed Matter – Soft Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2008-07-24
Nature 456, 898 (2008)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Soft Condensed Matter
(*) These authors contributed equally to this work. Main Text: 6 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary Information and Online Movies
Scientific paper
10.1038/nature07595
Geometric frustration arises when lattice structure prevents simultaneous minimization of local interactions. It leads to highly degenerate ground states and, subsequently, complex phases of matter such as water ice, spin ice and frustrated magnetic materials. Here we report a simple geometrically frustrated system composed of closely packed colloidal spheres confined between parallel walls. Diameter-tunable microgel spheres are self-assembled into a buckled triangular lattice with either up or down displacements analogous to an antiferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice. Experiment and theory reveal single-particle dynamics governed by in-plane lattice distortions that partially relieve frustration and produce ground-states with zigzagging stripes and subextensive entropy, rather than the more random configurations and extensive entropy of the antiferromagnetic Ising model. This tunable soft matter system provides an uncharted arena in which the dynamics of frustration, thermal excitations and defects can be directly visualized.
Alsayed Ahmed M.
Han Yilong
Lubensky Tom. C.
Shokef Yair
Yodh Arjun G.
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