The law of action and reaction for the effective force in a nonequilibrium colloidal system

Details The law of action and reaction for the effective force in a nonequilibrium colloidal system The law of action and reaction for the effective force in a nonequilibrium colloidal system

2005-09-18

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0509464v3

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 (2006) 2825-2836

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

13 pages

Scientific paper

10.1088/0953-8984/18/10/008

We study a nonequilibrium Langevin many-body system containing two 'test' particles and many 'background' particles. The test particles are spatially confined by a harmonic potential, and the background particles are driven by an external driving force. Employing numerical simulations of the model, we formulate an effective description of the two test particles in a nonequilibrium steady state. In particular, we investigate several different definitions of the effective force acting between the test particles. We find that the law of action and reaction does not hold for the total mechanical force exerted by the background particles, but that it does hold for the thermodynamic force defined operationally on the basis of an idea used to extend the first law of thermodynamics to nonequilibrium steady states.

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