Violation of action--reaction and self-forces induced by nonequilibrium fluctuations

Details Violation of action--reaction and self-forces induced by nonequilibrium fluctuations Violation of action--reaction and self-forces induced by nonequilibrium fluctuations

2008-04-18

arxiv.org/abs/0804.3106v2

Phys. Rev. E 78, 020102(R), pp. 1-4 (2008)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

4 pages, 1 figure. V2: New title; Abstract partially rewritten; Largely enhanced introductory and concluding remarks (incl. ne

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevE.78.020102

We show that the extension of Casimir-like forces to fluctuating fluids driven out of equilibrium can exhibit two interrelated phenomena forbidden at equilibrium: self-forces can be induced on single asymmetric objects and the action--reaction principle between two objects can be violated. These effects originate in asymmetric restrictions imposed by the objects' boundaries on the fluid's fluctuations. They are not ruled out by the second law of thermodynamics since the fluid is in a nonequilibrium state. Considering a simple reaction--diffusion model for the fluid, we explicitly calculate the self-force induced on a deformed circle. We also show that the action--reaction principle does not apply for the internal Casimir forces exerting between a circle and a plate. Their sum, instead of vanishing, provides the self-force on the circle-plate assembly.

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