Physics – Condensed Matter – Strongly Correlated Electrons
Scientific paper
1999-10-04
Physics
Condensed Matter
Strongly Correlated Electrons
11 pages, 16 postscript figures
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevB.62.14965
We consider various two-leg ladder models exhibiting gapped phases. All of these phases have short-ranged valence bond ground states, and they all exhibit string order. However, we show that short-ranged valence bond ground states divide into two topologically distinct classes, and as a consequence, there exist two topologically distinct types of string order. Therefore, not all gapped phases belong to the same universality class. We show that phase transitions occur when we interpolate between models belonging to different topological classes, and we study the nature of these transitions.
Fáth Gabor
Kim Eugene H.
Scalapino Douglas J.
Sólyom Jeno
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