Physics – Condensed Matter – Strongly Correlated Electrons
Scientific paper
2002-11-04
Annals Phys. 303 (2003) 226
Physics
Condensed Matter
Strongly Correlated Electrons
25 pages, 5 figures, review article for theorists, to appear in special issue of Annals of Physics; (v2) updated references
Scientific paper
10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00024-6
This article surveys the physics of systems proximate to Mott insulators, and presents a classification using conventional and topological order parameters. This classification offers a valuable perspective on a variety of conducting correlated electron systems, from the cuprate superconductors to the heavy fermion compounds. Connections are drawn, and distinctions made, between collinear/non-collinear magnetic order, bond order, neutral spin 1/2 excitations in insulators, electron Fermi surfaces which violate Luttinger's theorem, fractionalization of the electron, and the fractionalization of bosonic collective modes. Two distinct categories of Z_2 gauge theories are used to describe the interplay of these orders. Experimental implications for the cuprates are briefly noted, but these appear in more detail in a companion review article (S. Sachdev, cond-mat/0211005).
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