Physics – Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
1995-06-15
Advances in Physics, 44, 405 (1995)
Physics
Condensed Matter
67 pages, plain-tex, 3 figures. The section about spin vector was rewritten to make it more readable
Scientific paper
10.1080/00018739500101566
Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquids contain extremely rich internal structures which represent a whole new kind of ordering. We discuss characterization and classification of the new orders (which is called topological orders). We also discuss the edge excitations in FQH liquids, which form the so-called chiral Luttinger liquids. The chiral Luttinger liquids at the edges also have very rich structures as a reflection of the rich topological orders in the bulk. Thus, edge excitations provide us a practical way to measure topological orders in experiments.
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