Nonlinear waves in a cylindrical Bose-Einstein condensate

Details Nonlinear waves in a cylindrical Bose-Einstein condensate Nonlinear waves in a cylindrical Bose-Einstein condensate

2002-04-05

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0204136v1

Phys. Rev. A 67, 023615 (2003)

Physics

Condensed Matter

10 pages, 12 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevA.67.023615

We present a complete calculation of solitary waves propagating in a steady state with constant velocity v along a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein trap approximated as infinitely-long cylindrical. For sufficiently weak couplings (densities) the main features of the calculated solitons could be captured by effective one-dimensional (1D) models. However, for stronger couplings of practical interest, the relevant solitary waves are found to be hybrids of quasi-1D solitons and 3D vortex rings. An interesting hierarchy of vortex rings occurs as the effective coupling constant is increased through a sequence of critical values. The energy-momentum dispersion of the above structures is shown to exhibit characteristics similar to a mode proposed sometime ago by Lieb within a strictly 1D model, as well as some rotonlike features.

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