Physics – Condensed Matter – Strongly Correlated Electrons
Scientific paper
2009-12-01
Phys. Status Solidi B 247, 476-484 (2010)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Strongly Correlated Electrons
(v2) reference added, and typos corrected; (v1) 10 pages, 2 figures, based on a plenary talk given at the International Confer
Scientific paper
10.1002/pssb.200983082
Quantum criticality describes the collective fluctuations of matter undergoing a second-order phase transition at zero temperature. It is being discussed in a number of strongly correlated electron systems. A prototype case occurs in the heavy fermion metals, in which antiferromagnetic quantum critical points have been explicitly observed. Here, I address two types of antiferromagnetic quantum critical points. In addition to the standard description based on the fluctuations of the antiferromagnetic order, a local quantum critical point is also considered. It contains inherently quantum modes that are associated with a critical breakdown of the Kondo effect. Across such a quantum critical point, there is a sudden collapse of a large Fermi surface to a small one. I also consider the proximate antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, and these considerations lead to a global phase diagram. Finally, I discuss the pertinent experiments on the antiferromagnetic heavy fermions, briefly address the case of ferromagnetic heavy fermions, and outline some directions for future studies.
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