Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2008-04-17
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76, 44709 (2007)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
8 pages, published version
Scientific paper
We show that the density matrix for a finite conductor attached to reservoirs obtained by Keldysh formalism is of MacLennan-Zubarev form. On the basis of the fact that the density matrix is the invariant part proposed by Zubarev, it is shown that Keldysh formalism may describe the irreversible processes and steady-state feature of the system. An important consequence of the MacLennan-Zubarev form of the density matrix is a generalization of the Kubo formula in a nonequilibrium case. On the basis of the result, we propose the formula of shot noise and a nonequilibrium identity between differential conductance, noise power and shot noise as a generalized Nyquist-Johnson relation.
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