Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
1999-10-11
Phys. Rep. 336, 1 (2000).
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
99 two-column pages; 38 .eps figures included. Submitted to Physics Reports. Many minor improvements; typos corrected; referen
Scientific paper
10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00123-4
Theoretical and experimental work concerned with dynamic fluctuations has developed into a very active and fascinating subfield of mesoscopic physics. We present a review of this development focusing on shot noise in small electric conductors. Shot noise is a consequence of the quantization of charge. It can be used to obtain information on a system which is not available through conductance measurements. In particular, shot noise experiments can determine the charge and statistics of the quasiparticles relevant for transport, and reveal information on the potential profile and internal energy scales of mesoscopic systems. Shot noise is generally more sensitive to the effects of electron-electron interactions than the average conductance. We present a discussion based on the conceptually transparent scattering approach and on the classical Langevin and Boltzmann-Langevin methods; in addition a discussion of results which cannot be obtained by these methods is provided. We conclude the review by pointing out a number of unsolved problems and an outlook on the likely future development of the field.
Blanter Ya M.
Buttiker Markus
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