Steady shear flow thermodynamics based on a canonical distribution approach

Details Steady shear flow thermodynamics based on a canonical distribution approach Steady shear flow thermodynamics based on a canonical distribution approach

2003-12-10

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0312241v1

Phys. Rev. E 70, 056124 (2004)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

23 pages, 7 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevE.70.056124

A non-equilibrium steady state thermodynamics to describe shear flows is developed using a canonical distribution approach. We construct a canonical distribution for shear flow based on the energy in the moving frame using the Lagrangian formalism of the classical mechanics. From this distribution we derive the Evans-Hanley shear flow thermodynamics, which is characterized by the first law of thermodynamics $dE = T dS - Q d\gamma$ relating infinitesimal changes in energy $E$, entropy $S$ and shear rate $\gamma$ with kinetic temperature $T$. Our central result is that the coefficient $Q$ is given by Helfand's moment for viscosity. This approach leads to thermodynamic stability conditions for shear flow, one of which is equivalent to the positivity of the correlation function of $Q$. We emphasize the role of the external work required to sustain the steady shear flow in this approach, and show theoretically that the ensemble average of its power $\dot{W}$ must be non-negative. A non-equilibrium entropy, increasing in time, is introduced, so that the amount of heat based on this entropy is equal to the average of $\dot{W}$. Numerical results from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of two-dimensional many-particle systems with soft-core interactions are presented which support our interpretation.

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