The electronic properties of graphene

Details The electronic properties of graphene The electronic properties of graphene

2007-09-07

arxiv.org/abs/0709.1163v2

Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Other Condensed Matter

Accepted for publication in Reviews of Modern Physics. Various sessions and figures were modified, and new references added

Scientific paper

10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109

This article reviews the basic theoretical aspects of graphene, a one atom thick allotrope of carbon, with unusual two-dimensional Dirac-like electronic excitations. The Dirac electrons can be controlled by application of external electric and magnetic fields, or by altering sample geometry and/or topology. We show that the Dirac electrons behave in unusual ways in tunneling, confinement, and integer quantum Hall effect. We discuss the electronic properties of graphene stacks and show that they vary with stacking order and number of layers. Edge (surface) states in graphene are strongly dependent on the edge termination (zigzag or armchair) and affect the physical properties of nanoribbons. We also discuss how different types of disorder modify the Dirac equation leading to unusual spectroscopic and transport properties. The effects of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions in single layer and multilayer graphene are also presented.

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