Physics – Condensed Matter – Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Scientific paper
2007-02-05
Phys. Rev. B 76, 245405 (2007)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245405
We consider a graphene sheet in the vicinity of a substrate, which contains charged impurities. An analytic expression for the probability distribution function of voltage fluctuations due to the charged impurities is derived. The distribution function is shown to be non-Gaussian. The voltage fluctuations lead to the appearance of randomly distributed density inhomogeneities in the graphene plane. We argue that these disorder-induced density fluctuations produce a finite conductivity even at a zero gate voltage in accordance with recent experimental observations. We estimate the width of the minimal conductivity plateau and the typical size of the electron and hole puddles. The existence of inhomogeneous random puddles of electrons and holes should be a generic feature of all graphene layers at low gate voltages due to the invariable presence of charged impurities in the substrate.
Adam Shaffique
Galitski Victor
Sarma Sankar Das
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