Maximized string order parameters in the valence bond solid states of quantum integer spin chains

Details Maximized string order parameters in the valence bond solid states of quantum integer spin chains Maximized string order parameters in the valence bond solid states of quantum integer spin chains

2008-07-20

arxiv.org/abs/0807.3143v3

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42 (2009) 285202

Physics

Condensed Matter

Strongly Correlated Electrons

5 pages, 1 figure

Scientific paper

10.1088/1751-8113/42/28/285202

We propose a set of maximized string order parameters to describe the hidden topological order in the valence bond solid states of quantum integer spin-S chains. These optimized string order parameters involve spin-twist angles corresponding to $Z_{S+1}$ rotations around $z$ or $x$-axes, suggesting a hidden $Z_{S+1}\times Z_{S+1}$ symmetry. Our results also suggest that a local triplet excitation in the valence bond solid states carries a $Z_{S+1}$ topological charge measured by these maximized string order parameters.

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