Physics – Condensed Matter – Materials Science
Scientific paper
2004-03-21
Physical Review Letters 93, 167602 (2004)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Materials Science
5 pages including 4 figures
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.167602
Electric polarization or transferred charge due to an adiabatic change of external parameters $\vec{Q}$ is expressed in terms of a vector field defined in the $\vec{Q}$ space. This vector field is characterized by strings, i.e., trajectories of band-crossing points. In particular, the transverse component is given by the Biot-Savart law in a nonlocal way. For a cyclic change of $\vec{Q}$ along a loop C, the linking number between this string and C represents the amount of the pumped charge, which is quantized to be an integer as discussed by Thouless.
Murakami Shuichi
Nagaosa Naoto
Onoda Shigeki
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