Physics – Condensed Matter – Strongly Correlated Electrons
Scientific paper
2000-09-29
Science 288, 475 (2000)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Strongly Correlated Electrons
(v1) Non-technical review article published in April 2000; new footnotes have been added to the cond-mat version; 19 pages and
Scientific paper
10.1126/science.288.5465.475
Small changes in an external parameter can often lead to dramatic qualitative changes in the lowest energy quantum mechanical ground state of a correlated electron system. In anisotropic crystals, such as the high temperature superconductors where electron motion occurs primarily on a two-dimensional square lattice, the quantum critical point between two such lowest energy states has non-trivial emergent excitations which control the physics over a significant portion of the phase diagram. Non-zero temperature dynamic properties near quantum critical points are described using simple theoretical models. Possible quantum phases and transitions of the two-dimensional electron gas on a square lattice are discussed, including phases with spin-charge separation and their experimental signatures.
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