Response of bubbles to diagnostic ultrasound: a unifying theoretical approach

Details Response of bubbles to diagnostic ultrasound: a unifying theoretical approach Response of bubbles to diagnostic ultrasound: a unifying theoretical approach

1998-05-18

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9805217v2

Physics

Condensed Matter

Soft Condensed Matter

21 pages, 8 ps figures, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal B

Scientific paper

10.1007/s100510050375

The scattering of ultrasound from bubbles of micrometer-sized radius, such as used in contrast enhancers for ultrasound diagnostics, is studied. We show that sound scattering and ``active'' emission of sound from oscillating bubbles are not contradictory, but are just two different aspects derived from the same physics. Treating the bubble as a nonlinear oscillator, we arrive at general formulas for scattering and absorption cross sections. We show that several well-known formulas are recovered in the linear limit of this ansatz. In the case of strongly nonlinear oscillations, however, the cross sections can be larger than those for linear response by several orders of magnitude. The major part of the incident sound energy is then converted into emitted sound, unlike what happens in the linear case, where the absorption cross sections exceed the scattering cross sections.

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