Convection cells induced by spontaneous symmetry breaking

Details Convection cells induced by spontaneous symmetry breaking Convection cells induced by spontaneous symmetry breaking

2009-12-15

arxiv.org/abs/0912.2790v2

EPL 89, 50001 (2010)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Statistical Mechanics

published version, 2 figures, 5 pages

Scientific paper

Ubiquitous in nature, convection cells are a clear signature of systems out-of-equilibrium. Typically, they are driven by external forces, like gravity (in combination with temperature gradients) or shear. In this article, we show the existence of such cells in possibly the simplest system, one that involves only a temperature gradient. In particular, we consider an Ising lattice gas on a square lattice, in contact with two thermal reservoirs, one at infinite temperature and another at $T$. When this system settles into a non-equilibrium stationary state, many interesting phenomena exist. One of these is the emergence of convection cells, driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking when $T$ is set below the critical temperature.

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