Dimensional crossover in a mesoscopic superconducting loop of finite width

Details Dimensional crossover in a mesoscopic superconducting loop of finite width Dimensional crossover in a mesoscopic superconducting loop of finite width

1999-07-22

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9907341v1

Phys. Rev. B 60, 10468 (1999)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Superconductivity

14 pages text, 7 EPS + 2 JPG figures, RevTex, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevB.60.10468

Superconducting structures with the size of the order of the superconducting coherence length xi(T) have a critical temperature T_c, oscillating as a function of the applied perpendicular magnetic field H (or flux Phi). For a thin-wire superconducting loop, the oscillations in T_c are perfectly periodic with H (this is the well-known Little-Parks effect), while for a singly connected superconducting disk the oscillations are pseudoperiodic, i.e. the magnetic period decreases as H grows. In the present paper, we study the intermediate case: a loop made of thick wires. By increasing the size of the opening in the middle, the disk-like behaviour of T_c(H) with a quasi-linear background (characteristic for '3-dimensional' (3D) behaviour) is shown to evolve into a parabolic T_c(H) background ('2D'), superimposed with perfectly periodic oscillations. The calculations are performed using the linearized Ginzburg-Landau theory, with the proper normal/vacuum boundary conditions at both the internal and the external interface. Above a certain crossover magnetic flux Phi, T_c(Phi) of the loops becomes quasi-linear, and the flux period matches with the case of the filled disk. This dimensional transition is similar to the 2D-3D transition for thin films in a parallel magnetic field, where vortices enter the material as soon as the film thickness t > 1.8 xi(T). For the loops studied here, the crossover point appears for w = 1.8 xi(T) as well, with w the width of the wires forming the loop. In the 3D regime, a "giant vortex state" establishes, where superconductivity is concentrated near the sample's outer interface. The vortex is then localized inside the loop's opening.

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