Universality behind Basquin's law of fatigue

Details Universality behind Basquin's law of fatigue Universality behind Basquin's law of fatigue

2008-01-23

arxiv.org/abs/0801.3664v1

Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 094301 (2008)

Physics

Condensed Matter

Materials Science

4 pages in Revtex, 4 figures, accepted by PRL

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.094301

One of the most important scaling laws of time dependent fracture is Basquin's law of fatigue, namely, that the lifetime of the system increases as a power law with decreasing external load amplitude, $t_f\sim \sigma_0^{-\alpha}$, where the exponent $\alpha$ has a strong material dependence. We show that in spite of the broad scatter of the Basquin exponent $\alpha$, the fatigue fracture of heterogeneous materials exhibits intriguing universal features. Based on stochastic fracture models we propose a generic scaling form for the macroscopic deformation and show that at the fatigue limit the system undergoes a continuous phase transition when changing the external load. On the microlevel, the fatigue fracture proceeds in bursts characterized by universal power law distributions. We demonstrate that in a range of systems, including deformation of asphalt, a realistic model of deformation, and a fiber bundle model, the system dependent details are contained in Basquin's exponent for time to failure, and once this is taken into account, remaining features of failure are universal.

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