Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2000-08-29
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
16 pages, 9 figures, plus harvard.sty style file for references Accepted for publication in Colloquia section of Reviews of Mo
Scientific paper
10.1103/RevModPhys.73.1
We review a striking array of recent experiments, and their theoretical interpretations, on the superfluid transition in $^4$He in the presence of a heat flux, $Q$. We define and evaluate a new set of critical point exponents. The statics and dynamics of the superfluid-normal interface are discussed, with special attention to the role of gravity. If $Q$ is in the same direction as gravity, a self-organized state can arise, in which the entire sample has a uniform reduced temperature, on either the normal or superfluid side of the transition. Finally, we review recent theory and experiment regarding the heat capacity at constant $Q$. The excitement that surrounds this field arises from the fact that advanced thermometry and the future availability of a microgravity experimental platform aboard the International Space Station will soon open to experimental exploration decades of reduced temperature that were previously inaccessible.
Goodstein David L.
Harter Alexa W.
Weichman Peter B.
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