Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interaction

Details Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interaction Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Attractive Interaction

1998-01-20

arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9801196v1

Physics

Condensed Matter

RevTex 4 pages with 1 postscript figure. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1576

A Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interaction can be metastable if it is spatially confined and if the number of condensate bosons $N_0$ is below a certain critical value $N_{\rm c}$. By applying a variational method and the instanton techinique to the Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional, we find analytically the frequency of the collective excitation and the rate of macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT). We show that near the critical point the tunneling exponent vanishes according to $(1-N_0/N_c)^\frac{5}{4}$ and that MQT can be a dominant decay mechanism of the condensate for $N_0$ very close to $N_{\rm c}$.

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