Physics – Condensed Matter – Soft Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
2003-06-08
Phys.Rev.A 68, 063602 (2003)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Soft Condensed Matter
36 pages and 17 figures, revtex4
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.68.063602
We consider insulating phases of cold spin-1 bosonic particles with antiferromagnetic interactions, such as Na-23, in optical lattices. We show that spin-exchange interactions give rise to several distinct phases, which differ in their spin correlations. In two- and three- dimensional lattices insulating phases with odd number of particles per site are always nematic. For insulating states with even number of particles per site there is always a spin-singlet phase and there may also be a first-order transition into the nematic phase. The nematic phase breaks spin rotational symmetry, but preserves time reversal symmetry, and has gapless spin-wave excitations. The spin singlet phase does not break spin symmetry and has a gap to all excitations. In one-dimensional lattices insulating phases with odd number of particles per site always have a regime where translational symmetry is broken and the ground state is dimerized. We discuss signatures of various phases in Bragg scattering and time-of-flight measurements.
Demler Eugene
Imambekov Adilet
Lukin Mikhail
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