Biennial relationship of rainfall variability between Central America and equatorial South America

Details Biennial relationship of rainfall variability between Central America and equatorial South America Biennial relationship of rainfall variability between Central America and equatorial South America

Apr 2010

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010georl..3708701w&link_type=abstract

Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 37, Issue 8, CiteID L08701

Physics

3

Atmospheric Processes: Climate Change And Variability (1616, 1635, 3309, 4215, 4513), Atmospheric Processes: Ocean/Atmosphere Interactions (0312, 4504), Atmospheric Processes: Tropical Meteorology

Scientific paper

Observations indicate that equatorial South American rainfall anomalies in boreal winter are preceded by the same sign Central American rainfall anomalies in boreal summer and tend to be succeeded by opposite sign Central American rainfall anomalies in the following summer. The in-phase relationship from summer to winter rainfall is attributed to direct effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Anomalous convection associated with warm ENSO events induces anomalous descent and suppresses precipitation along the convection region that migrates southeastward from Central America in boreal summer to tropical South America in boreal winter. The out-of-phase relationship from winter to summer rainfall is related to tropical North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies induced by wind-evaporation and cloud-radiation changes in response to ENSO-generated anomalous convection over tropical South America. In years when ENSO switches its phase from winter to summer, the direct effects of ENSO can also lead to the out-of-phase relationship.

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