Physics – Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
Jun 1999
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999aps..shk..r502s&link_type=abstract
American Physical Society, Conference on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter June 28-July 2, 1999 Snowbird, Utah, abstract #R5
Physics
Condensed Matter
Scientific paper
We will present calculations and experiments on the effect of porosity on the elastic moduli and dynamic fragmentation energy of porous, brittle materials. These results are part of our developing theory of porosity effects on impact processes in solar system materials. We will also examine the effects of porosity on the dynamic strength, fragment distribution, crack propagation and shock attenuation in ice and comet analog materials. The strength of comets, porous aggregates of ice and dust, is basically unknown with only one data point from the tidal breakup of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, which had a tensile strength of ~100s Pa. The porosity of comets has never been measured directly and models predict a range from 40-80%. Planned spacecraft missions ESA's Rosetta and NASA's Deep Space 4 will measure porosity and other physical properties of comets. To isolate the effects of porosity, we are conducting experiments on Plaster of Paris, a gypsum plaster, which may be made in porosities ranging from 30-80%. The static tensile strength of the plaster is similar to ice, ranging from 2-4 MPa, depending on the porosity. These data and theories will be necessary to construct a collisional model of the Kuiper Belt, the source of short period comets, which will be visited by the NASA's Pluto-Kuiper Express spacecraft mission in the next century. The strength properties of comets are necessary to understand the transition zone to gravity scaling and also to interpret the cratering history that will be observed on the icy surfaces of outer solar system objects.
Ahrens Thomas J.
Stewart Sarah T.
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