Seismology of Magnetic Photospheres

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

In the early 1990s various techniques in local helioseismology showed that the travel times of waves from magnetic regions to the surrounding quiet Sun were consistently shorter than for waves traveling the same distance between points on the quiet Sun. Time-distance correlation measurements also indicated that the travel times for waves traveling from magnetic to quiet photospheres were shorter than for waves traveling the same distance in the opposite direction, suggesting rapid downflows beneath sunspots. I will review evidence that an interaction between waves and magnetic photospheres that manifests itself in strong absorption of p-modes contributes significantly, possibly predominantly, to the apparent ingoing-vs-outgoing travel-time inequality. Central to the hypothesis of a magnetically induced phase asymmetry is the physics of coupling between fast and slow magneto-acoustic gravity waves in a relatively narrow layer in the upper few hundred km of magnetic photospheres. A clear understanding of the physics of this interaction is essential for further progress in seismic diagnostics of active region subphotospheres.

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