Physics – Condensed Matter – Statistical Mechanics
Scientific paper
2001-08-28
Int.Jour.Mod.Phys.B17(No.14),2643-2698(2003)
Physics
Condensed Matter
Statistical Mechanics
30 pages, 13 figs included. to appear in Int. Jour. Mod. Phys. A
Scientific paper
10.1142/S0217979203018399
We review some recent results on discrete symmetries and topological order in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of $^{23}Na$. For spin one bosons with two-body scatterings dominated by a total spin equal to two channel, the BECs are in quantum spin nematic states at a low density limit. We study spin correlations in condensates at different limits and analyze hidde$ symmetries using a non-perturbative approach developed recently. We further more investigate the influence of hidden $Z_2$ symmetries and U(1) quantum orders in symmetry partially retored states, particularly the effects on topological excitations.
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