The equatorial ionospheric electric fields - A review

Physics

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Electric Fields, Equatorial Atmosphere, F Region, Ionospheric Currents, Ionospheric Drift, Annual Variations, E Region, Ionospheric Disturbances, Radar Measurement, Solar Cycles

Scientific paper

Results of equatorial electric field studies conducted over the last decade (c. 1970-1980), by means of radio, radar, and rocket observations, are presented. Most data were obtained from the F-region drift observations with the 50 MHz Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar, and measurements of vertical and east-west drift velocities were used to determine the seasonal and solar cycle variations of the F-region east-west and vertical electric fields, respectively. Ion cloud rocket release experiments were used to determine the ionospheric electric field during twilight periods, and the existence of a shear in the east-west drifts was shown with eastward velocities near and above the F-region density peak and westward velocities in the lower F-region. Electric fields during disturbed conditions are discussed, and special attention is given to the F-region vertical (i.e., east-west electric fields) drifts, since they are strongly affected by magnetic activity. It is noted that the disturbances last from a few minutes to a few hours and are normally directed in the opposite sense to the quiet-time fields. During magnetically disturbed periods the zonal equatorial electric field shows frequent and large fluctuations. Several numerical models have been developed to determine the worldwide distribution of ionospheric electric fields and currents.

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