The angular distribution of radio waves partially reflected from the lower ionosphere

Details The angular distribution of radio waves partially reflected from the lower ionosphere The angular distribution of radio waves partially reflected from the lower ionosphere

Jan 1978

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1978jatp...40...35v&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 40, Jan. 1978, p. 35-47.

Physics

1

Beam Switching, D Region, Ionospheric Propagation, Radio Echoes, Reflected Waves, Angular Distribution, Antenna Arrays, Dipole Antennas, Power Gain, Radio Antennas, Radio Scattering

Scientific paper

Measurements of radio waves partially reflected from the D-region made using two antennas of very different beamwidth are reported. The arrays are composed of 40 and 4 dipoles respectively. It is shown that the gain of the larger array over the smaller is often variable, both in height and time. These results can be used to estimate the off-vertical angles from which significant energy is returned. For altitudes less than 80 km angles less than 10 deg seem to be usual but at higher altitudes the angles increase to values of the order of 15 deg - 20 deg. Other important properties of the echoes, such as the probability distribution of the amplitude, were also measured. The results are discussed with particular reference to the differential absorption method of measuring electron densities and to the nature of the irregularities responsible for the partial reflections.

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