Multispectral Investigation of Dynamics and Cloud Structure on Neptune

Physics

Scientific paper

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Hst Proposal Id #7324 Solar System

Scientific paper

We propose multispectral WFPC2 and NICMOS imaging of Neptune to investigate the time dependent vertical structure and spatial distribution of its isolated cloud features and zonal bands, the form and stability of its mean circulation, the evolution of known features, and the possible development of major new features such as great dark spots or outbursts. We propose to image one rotation of Neptune using nine HST orbits, six for WFPC2 and three for NICMOS imaging to obtain contiguous longitudinal coverage sufficient for a thorough cloud census and approximate circulation measurements. A second sequence of four partial maps, covering a second Neptune rotation with combined WFPC2 and NICMOS imaging within each orbit, provides more accurate wind estimates for the persistent features and identifies evolving features. Filters are chosen to use Rayleigh scattering, methane bands, and the 2.1-micron hydrogen CIA band to sense different atmospheric levels needed to constrain vertical structure. IRTF measurements in strong methane and hydrogen bands during simultaneous HST imaging in August 1996 imply great utility for the much higher resolution NICMOS capabilities at these wavelengths. These observations will also extend the time base of HST Neptune imaging in 1991, 1994, 1995, and 1996, facilitating the study of longer term variations.

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