Effects of Na+ and He+ pickup ions on the lunar plasma environment: 3D hybrid modeling

Physics – Plasma Physics

Scientific paper

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[2459] Ionosphere / Planetary Ionospheres, [6250] Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects / Moon, [7823] Space Plasma Physics / Ionization Processes, [7867] Space Plasma Physics / Wave/Particle Interactions

Scientific paper

The hybrid kinetic model used here supports comprehensive simulation of the interaction between different spatial and energetic elements of the moon-solar wind-magnetosphere of the Earth system. There is a set of MHD,kinetic, hybrid, drift kinetic, electrostatic and full kinetic modeling of the lunar plasma environment [1]. However, observations show the existence of several species of the neutrals and pickup ions like Na, He, K, O etc., (see e.g., [2,3,4]). The solar wind parameters are chosen from the ARTEMIS observations [5]. The Na+, He+ lunar exosphere's parameters are chosen from [6,7]. The hybrid kinetic model allows us to take into account the finite gyroradius effects of pickup ions and to correctly estimate the ions velocity distribution and the fluxes along the magnetic field, and on the lunar surface. Modeling shows the formation of the asymmetric Mach cone, the structuring of the pickup ion tails, and presents another type of lunar-solar wind interaction. We will compare the results of our modeling with observed distributions.
References
[1] Lipatov, A.S., and Cooper, J.F., Hybrid kinetic modeling of the Lunar plasma environment: Past, present and future. In: Lunar Dust, Plasma and Atmosphere: The Next Steps, January 27-29, 2010, Boulder, Colorado, Abstracts/lpa2010.colorado.edu/. [2] Potter, A.E., and Morgan, T.H., Discovery of sodium and potassium vapor in the atmosphere of the Moon, Science, 241, 675-680, doi:10.1126/science.241.4866.675, 1988. [3] Tyler, A.L., et al., Observations of sodium in the tenuous lunar atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15(10), 1141-1144, doi:10.1029/GL015i010p01141, 1988. [4] Tanaka, T., et al., First in situ observation of the Moon-originating ions in the Earth's Magnetosphere by MAP-PACE on SELENE (KAGUYA), Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L22106, doi:10.1029/2009GL040682, 2009. [5] Wiehle, S., et al., First Lunar Wake Passage of ARTEMIS: Discrimination of Wake Effects and Solar Wind Fluctuations by 3D Hybrid Simulations, Planet. Space Sci., Vol. 59(8), 661-671, 2011. [6] Hartle, R.E., and Killen, R., Measuring pickup ions to characterize the surfaces and exospheres of planetary bodies: applications to the Moon, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 33, L05201, 2006. [7] Lee, D.-W., et al., There-dimensional simulation of the lunar sodium exosphere and its tail, J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 116, A07213, doi:10.1029/2011JA016451, 2011.

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