Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2011
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2011agufm.p33a1752y&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2011, abstract #P33A-1752
Physics
[8136] Tectonophysics / Impact Phenomena
Scientific paper
Most of asteroids are expected to be impact fragments produced by collisions among planetesimals or rubble-pile bodies produced by re-accumulation of fragments. In order to study the formation processes of asteroids, it is necessary to examine the collisional disruption and re-accumulation conditions of planetesimals. Most of meteorites recovered on the Earth are ordinary chondrites (OCs). The OCs have the components of millimeter-sized round grains (chondrules) and submicron-sized dusts (matrix). So, the planetesimals forming the parent bodies of OCs could be mainly composed of chondrules and matrix. Therefore, we conducted impact experiments with porous gypsum mixed with glass beads having the spherical shape with various diameters simulating chondrules, and examined the effect of chondrules on the ejecta velocity and the impact strength. The targets included glass beads with a diameter ranging from 100 μm to 3 mm and the volume fraction was 0.6, similar to that of ordinary chondrites, which is about 0.65-0.75. We also prepared the porous gypsum sample without glass bead to examine the effect of volume fraction. Nylon projectiles with the diameters of 10 mm and 2 mm were impacted at 60-180 m/s by a single-stage gas gun and at about 4 km/s by a two-stage light gas gun, respectively. After the shot, we measured the mass of the recovered fragments to calculate the impact strength Q defined by Q=mpVi^2/2(mp+Mt), where Vi is the impact velocity, and mp and Mt are the mass of projectile and target, respectively. The collisional disruption of the target was observed by a high-speed video camera to measure the ejecta velocity. The antipodal velocity Va increased with the increase of Q, irrespective of glass bead size and volume fraction. However, the Va for low-velocity collisions at 60-180 m/s was an order magnitude larger than that for high-velocity collisions at 4 km/s. The velocities of fragments ejected from two corners on the impact surface of the target Vc-g measured in the center of the mass system, were independent on the target materials. The impact strength of the mixture target was found to range from 56 to 116 J/kg depending on the glass bead size, and was several times smaller than that of the gypsum target, 446 J/kg in low-velocity collisions. The impact strengths of the 100 μm bead target and the gypsum target strongly depended on the impact velocity: those obtained in high-velocity collisions were several times greater than those obtained in low-velocity collisions. The obtained results of Vc-g were compared to the escape velocity of chondrule-including planetesimals (CiPs) to study the conditions for the formation of rubble-pile bodies after the catastrophic disruption. The fragments of CiPs for catastrophic disruption could be re-accumulated at the radius of a body larger than 3 km, irrespective of chondrule size included in the CiPs, which is rather smaller than that for basalt bodies. Thus, we suggested that there were more parent bodies of OCs having a rubble-pile structure.
Arakawa Masahiko
Yasui Minami
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