Comments on the proton whistler generation process

Physics

Scientific paper

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Ionospheric Propagation, Lightning, Plasma Waves, Proton Resonance, Upper Ionosphere, Whistlers, Coupled Modes, Hydrogen Ions, Ionospheric Ion Density, Kinetic Theory, Oxygen Ions, Propagation Modes, Satellite Observation, Wave Generation

Scientific paper

In order to understand the formation of the 'proton whistler' at high ionospheric altitudes, an analysis is conducted of the problem of the propagation of electromagnetic waves such as those that may originate in a lightning flash. The accessibility of the hydrodynamic or kinetic proton resonance at the satellite altitude requires that a mode conversion process must take place slightly above the transition region which separates the O(+) ion plasma from the O(+) + H(+) plasmas. The transformation conditions in the wave conversion region imply that the magnetic field should be nearly perpendicular to the density gradient. A review of prior whistler theories indicates that they have erred in supposing the incident electromagnetic wave to have reached satellite altitudes without being influenced by lower ionospheric layers.

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