Physics
Scientific paper
Jul 1980
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1980georl...7..521c&link_type=abstract
Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 7, July 1980, p. 521-524. NASA-supported research.
Physics
1
Pioneer Venus 2 Spacecraft, Radio Signals, Signal Reflection, Venus Atmosphere, Venus Probes, Venus Surface, Atmospheric Refraction, Doppler Effect, Radio Echoes, Radio Frequencies, Satellite-Borne Instruments, Venus, Surface, Reflectivity, Atmosphere, Winds, Scattering, Energy, Radio Waves, Refraction, Doppler Effect, Analysis, Spectrum, Frequency, Parameters
Scientific paper
As the four Pioneer Venus probes fell within the atmosphere toward the surface of Venus, each of them transmitted a radio signal directly to earth. Because of the relatively broad antenna beamwidth of these small probes, some of the transmitted power went down to the surface of Venus. This paper reports the discovery that the radio signals scattered off the surface are not only detectable but that their characteristics can be determined with a surprising degree of certainty. From these characteristics one can determine parameters of the Venusian atmospheric winds and of the surface that promise to be useful. Most of the scattered energy is that which originally radiated from the probes in a near-horizontal direction; the downward-directed radiation is detectable but much weaker. Refraction in the atmosphere of Venus clearly plays a significant role in establishing both the strength of scatter and its Doppler shift.
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