The validity of the force-field equation to describe modulation

Details The validity of the force-field equation to describe modulation The validity of the force-field equation to describe modulation

Aug 2001

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001icrc....9.3665m&link_type=abstract

Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 07-15 August, 2001. Hamburg, Germany. Under the auspices of the Int

Physics

1

Scientific paper

The Force-Field equation is a classical, convenient means to describe modulation effects in the one-dimensional approximation. It serves mainly as a tool for experimentalists to give a concise description of modulation strength. By comparing the Force-Field solution to numerical solutions of the transport equation, however, we show that the Force-Field approximation gets progressively worse with increasing radial distance. The reason is that adiabatic losses in the outer heliosphere become unimportant, and the ForceField equation can not simulate that. It is shown that the convection-diffusion approximation is more appropriate in the outer heliosphere. This result has consequences for the interpretation of Pioneer/Voyager observations in the outer heliosphere.

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