The flaring activity of Markarian 421 during April 2000

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Evidence for correlated TeV γ and X-ray flaring of the extreme blazar Mrk421 during April 2000 is presented and discussed. The remarkably persistent TeV flare of April 30th 2000 (40 σ significance), exhibiting structure over almost six hours of continuous observation, is analysed in detail. 1 Extreme BL Lac objects The most extreme members of the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) family are BL Lac objects and optically violently variable (OVV) quasars, collectively known as blazars. These objects are dominated by the presence of relativistic jets. For jets fortuitously aligned with an observers line of sight, emission may exhibit dramatic variability over very short time scales, in turn implying remarkably compact emission regions. For blazars, the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) is dominated by non-thermal continuum emission, extending from radio to TeV gamma rays. The broadband nature of the blazar emission offers unique insights into energetic physical processes at work in a very compact region, close to the base of the jet and near the underlying central engine, most likely a supermassive black hole. BL Lacs are very effectively characterized on the basis of their SED shape. X-ray and radio flux limited surveys apear to display a bimodal distribution of properties, with LBL (Low-energy peaked, or "Red" BL Lacs) having synchrotron peaks in the IR-optical bands, and HBL (High-energy peaked, or "Blue" BL Lacs) in the UV to soft X-ray band. Recent comprehensive surveys such as DXRBS, REX and RGB have extended, by almost two orders of magnitude, the range of observable synchrotron peak frequencies. For blazar class objects, broadband emission confirms that the synchrotron peak may span the entire IR Xray range, thus accounting for the multi-frequency emission properties of this class of object. Mrk421, Mrk501, 1ES2344 and 1H1426 all exhibit broadband emission properties, high

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