Physics
Scientific paper
Jul 2007
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2007hst..prop11229m&link_type=abstract
HST Proposal ID #11229. Cycle 16
Physics
Scientific paper
The role that massive stars play in the dust content of the Universe is extremely uncertain. It has long been hypothesized that dust can condense within the ejecta of supernovae SNe, however there is a frustrating discrepancy between the amounts of dust found in the early Universe, or predicted by nucleation theory, and inferred from SN observations. Our SEEDS collaboration has been carefully revisiting the observational case for dust formation by core-collapse SNe, in order to quantify their role as dust contributors in the early Universe. As dust condenses in expanding SN ejecta, it will increase in optical depth, producing three simultaneously observable phenomena: 1 increasing optical extinction; 2 infrared IR excesses; and 3 asymmetric blue-shifted emission lines. Our SEEDS collaboration recently reported all three phenomena occuring in SN2003gd, demonstrating the success of our observing strategy, and permitting us to derive a dust mass of up to 0.02 solar masses created in the SN. To advance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the interstellar dust in galaxies, we propose to use HST's WFPC2 and NICMOS instruments plus Spitzer's photometric instruments to monitor ten recent core-collapse SNe for dust formation and, as a bonus, detect light echoes that can affect the dust mass estimates. These space-borne observations will be supplemented by ground-based spectroscopic monitoring of their optical emission line profiles. These observations would continue our 2-year HST and Spitzer monitoring of this phenomena in order to address two key questions: Do all SNe produce dust? and How much dust do they produce? As all the SN are witin 15 Mpc, each SN stands an excellent chance of detection with HST and Spitzer and of resolving potential light echoes.;
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