Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1998
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1998phr...307..325g&link_type=abstract
Physics Reports, Vol. 307, No. 1 - 4, p. 325 - 331
Physics
9
Cosmology: Supernovae, Distance Indicators: Supernovae
Scientific paper
A search for cosmological supernovae has discovered over 75, most of which are Type Ia supernovae. There is strong evidence from measurements of nearby Type Ia supernovae that they can be considered as distance indicators or "standard candles" after correction for the width (time scale stretch parameter) of the individual light curves. Measurements and analysis are completed on 42 of these distant, z = 0.18 to 0.83, supernovae. These supernovae, together with 18 "nearby", z < 0.1 supernovae from the Calán/Tololo Supernova Survey allow to measure the ratio of the matter density of the universe to the critical density ΩM together with the normalized cosmological constant ΩΛ, the energy density of the vacuum. For a flat universe, i.e. ΩM+ΩΛ = 1, one obtains ΩM = 0.28(-0.08,+0.09) (statistical) (-0.04,+0.05) (systematic). The data are strongly inconsistent with a Λ=0 flat cosmology, the simplest inflationary universe model. An open, Λ=0 cosmology also does not fit the data well: the data strongly suggest that the cosmological constant is non-zero and positive, with a confidence of P(Λ > 0) > 99%.
Goldhaber Gerson
Perlmutter Saul
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