Properties of the solar wind electrons between 1 and 3.3 AU from ULYSSES thermal noise measurements

Physics

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Electron Density (Concentration), Electron Energy, Solar Electrons, Solar Wind, Thermal Noise, Radial Distribution, Electromagnetic Noise Measurement, Distribution Functions, Ecliptic, Halos, Radio Receivers, Ulysses Mission, Temperature Gradients

Scientific paper

In order to describe the distribution function f(v) of the solar wind electrons, the simplest model which is commonly used consists of the sum of two Maxwellians representing two distinct populations: a core (density nc, temperature Tc) and a halo (density nh, temperature Th). It is possible, with the latter assumptions on the electron f(v), to determine the quasi-thermal noise (QTN) induced on an antenna by the motion of the ambient electrons in the solar wind. Using this distribution and the spectroscopy of thermal noise measurements from the radio receiver on Ulysses in the ecliptic plane, we deduce the total electron density Ne, the core temperature Tc, and the core and halo kinetic pressures NcTc and NhTh. From these electron parameters, we can define a 'global' electron temperature as Te = (NcTc + NhTh)/Ne. Here we present different radial gradients of Te, between 1 and 3.3 AU, as a function of three classes of Ne at 1 AU: low, intermediate, and high densities. In general all these gradients are found to be positive with different polytrope power law indexes between Ne and Te, which are in general lower than unity. We also show different behaviors of the ratio NhTh/NcTc for each density class considered. Some possible interpretations for these observations are discussed.

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