Physics
Scientific paper
Aug 1985
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1985icrc....7..359l&link_type=abstract
In NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Vol. 7 p 359-362 (SEE N85-35968 24-93)
Physics
Analog To Digital Converters, Angular Distribution, Angular Resolution, Cosmic Ray Showers, Gamma Ray Telescopes, Particle Density (Concentration), Primary Cosmic Rays, Scintillation Counters, Zenith, Cerenkov Radiation, Charged Particles, Nucleons, Particle Interactions
Scientific paper
The average dispersion in arrival time of air shower particles detected with a scintillator at an impact parameter r is described with accuracy 5-10% by the empirical formula sigma = Sigmato (1+r/rt)b, where Sigmato = 2.6 ns, rt = 30m and b = (1.94 + or - .08) (0.39 + or - .06) sec Theta, for r 2 km, 10 to the 8th power E 10 to the 11th power GeV, and Theta 60 deg. (E is the primary energy and theta is the zenith angle). The amount of fluctuation in sigmat due to fluctuations in the level of origin and shower development is less than 20%. These results provide a basis for estimating the impact parameters of very larger showers with data from very small detector arrays (mini-arrays). The energy of such showers can then be estimated from the local particle density. The formula also provides a basis for estimating the angular resolution of air shower array-telescopes.
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