Indian Ocean sea surface temperature variability and change since 1960s: forcing and process

Details Indian Ocean sea surface temperature variability and change since 1960s: forcing and process Indian Ocean sea surface temperature variability and change since 1960s: forcing and process

Dec 2005

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2005agufmos44a..05h&link_type=abstract

American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2005, abstract #OS44A-05

Physics

1616 Climate Variability (1635, 3305, 3309, 4215, 4513), 1635 Oceans (1616, 3305, 4215, 4513), 3305 Climate Change And Variability (1616, 1635, 3309, 4215, 4513), 4215 Climate And Interannual Variability (1616, 1635, 3305, 3309, 4513), 4513 Decadal Ocean Variability (1616, 1635, 3305, 4215)

Scientific paper

Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) variability and change since 1960s are investigated using global coupled models,the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and parallel climate model (PCM). Results from the CCSM3 and a series of PCM experiments are analyzed in order to understand the roles played by internal variability, human-induced warming, and external forcing in causing the SST variations. To consolidate the model results, the simple Ocean model Data Assimilation (SODA) products are also analyzed. The results suggest that the SST in both the south and north Indian Ocean (IO) has an increasing trend. Overlying on this trend is decadal variability. Consistent with previous studies, the warming trend results mainly from the human-induced increased green house gases, which increase downward longwave fluxes. Interestingly, warming of the upper tropical and subtropical basins is accomanied by cooling in higher-latitudes in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) region, which results from the reduced southward heat transports by weakened the subtropical cells (STCs). This colder, ACC water can enter the IO via deep layers in the south and then shoals upward to the thermocline layer in the tropical Indian Ocean, causing a distinct vertical structrure: with warming in the near surface and below the thermocline and cooling in the thermocline. The SST decadal variability, however, is caused primarily by external forcing, due to a combined effect of surface heat flux and lateral heat transport. Internal variability of the coupled system also plays a role.

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