Structure of the equatorial F-region, topside and bottomside - A review

Physics

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Atmospheric Physics, Equatorial Electrojet, F Region, Geomagnetism, Ionospheric Disturbances, Ionospheric Composition, Magnetic Disturbances, Plasma Density, Plasma Temperature

Scientific paper

The low-latitude F-region is discussed in terms of plasma densities, plasma temperatures, and ion composition. The low-latitude F-region is relatively shielded from the direct energetics of the outer magnetosphere. The horizontal nature of the geomagnetic field at the Equator gives rise to the strong, east-west electrojet current. The electric field associated with this current influences the entire F-region both topside and bottomside, within almost + or - 20 deg geomagnetic latitude. Magnetic disturbance appears to weaken the equatorial electrojet, thereby increasing electron density at the Equator and weakening the low-latitude F-region geomagnetic anomaly. The equatorial region with its horizontal alignment of magnetic field forms an ideal medium for the formation and sustenance of ionospheric irregularities at all altitudes.

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