Observations on GEOS-1 of whistler mode turbulence generated by a ground-based VLF transmitter

Physics

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Satellite Observation, Signal Transmission, Very Low Frequencies, Whistlers, Atmospheric Turbulence, Doppler Effect, Geos 1 Satellite, Radio Transmitters, Refractivity

Scientific paper

Signals launched by the NLK Jim Creek transmitter in Alaska on 18.60 and 18.65 kHz have been observed on GEOS-1. Data for one pass over Alaska on June 11, 1977, are presented here. The peak amplitude of the signals is about 5 pT (0.6 mV/m), which is received when the satellite is close to exact conjugacy at 7500 km altitude. While the weaker signals received at some distance from conjugacy behave as expected from linear theory, the stronger signals received closer to conjugacy have features which indicate that some nonlinear process is active. These features are a turbulent electric frequency spectrum and an increased electrostatic character of the waves. The threshold field amplitude of the supposed (but unidentified) nonlinear interaction is about 1 pT.

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